Cornelius Drebbel

Cornelius Drebbel (1572-1633) is credited with creating the first navigable submarine and creating a winter during summer for King James 1. Despite being the son of a burgher (merchant with political power), Drebbel received little formal education. He was a tinkerer and made a perpetual motion clock, which needed no power to function, but relied on the changing of pressure to give information like time, date and season. The attention from this clock was quite possibly the boost in popularity that allowed him to gain an invitation to court from King James, but sources differ on whether the clock was made before or during his time at court. While he was in service of King James's son Henry, Drebbel worked on masques and fireworks displays. In 1610, Drebbel relocated to Prague to show his inventions to Emperor Rudolph II, but was then imprisoned when Rudolph's brother Matthias came to power. Prince Henry then advocated for his release and Drebbel returned to England in 1613. In the 1620s, Drebbel made the first navigable submarine and succeeded in making two more, larger than the last. Drebbel is also credited with making permanent scarlet dye, the first colored thermometer and the thermostat.

References https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/cornelis-drebbel-6300.php http://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/drebbel-cornelius http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/drebbel_cornelis.shtml http://historyofalchemy.com/list-of-alchemists/cornelis-drebbel/