Difference between revisions of "Oxidative Stress"
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
| − | Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously formed in biological systems. ROS comes in common forms such as Superoxide (O2•−), Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2), and perhaps the most deleterious, the Hydroxyl Radical (OH•). These free radicals wreak havoc on the cell and lead to protein dysfunction, DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation, resulting in apoptosis. Any increase in radical production or decrease in the defense against ROS induces oxidative stress. This imbalance between ROS formation and ROS detoxification is believed to be involved in a variety of pathogenic processes, such as ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. During the reperfusion phase following ischemia, production of ROS increases remarkably, leading to the breakdown of antioxidant systems and generates rapid and severe damage. | + | Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously formed in biological systems. ROS comes in common forms such as Superoxide (O2•−), Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2), and perhaps the most deleterious, the Hydroxyl Radical (OH•). These free radicals wreak havoc on the cell and lead to protein dysfunction, DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation, resulting in apoptosis. Any increase in radical production or decrease in the defense against ROS induces oxidative stress. This imbalance between ROS formation and ROS detoxification is believed to be involved in a variety of pathogenic processes, such as ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. During the reperfusion phase following ischemia, production of ROS increases remarkably, leading to the breakdown of antioxidant systems and generates rapid and severe damage. The Hydroxyl Radical in particular is poised to be formed in vivo from ferrous iron and hydrogen peroxide via the Fenton reaction (2). |
[[Spin_Trapping|Spin Trapping Technique]] | [[Spin_Trapping|Spin Trapping Technique]] | ||
Revision as of 04:04, 1 March 2020
Introduction
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously formed in biological systems. ROS comes in common forms such as Superoxide (O2•−), Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2), and perhaps the most deleterious, the Hydroxyl Radical (OH•). These free radicals wreak havoc on the cell and lead to protein dysfunction, DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation, resulting in apoptosis. Any increase in radical production or decrease in the defense against ROS induces oxidative stress. This imbalance between ROS formation and ROS detoxification is believed to be involved in a variety of pathogenic processes, such as ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. During the reperfusion phase following ischemia, production of ROS increases remarkably, leading to the breakdown of antioxidant systems and generates rapid and severe damage. The Hydroxyl Radical in particular is poised to be formed in vivo from ferrous iron and hydrogen peroxide via the Fenton reaction (2).
References
LLoyd, Roger; Hanna, Phillip; Mason, Ronald, The origin of the hydroxyl radical oxygen in the fenton reaction, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 22, 5, pp 885-888.