Plastics - Revision history

Bes: /* Compostable/Biodegradable */

2020-01-12T17:37:58Z

Compostable/Biodegradable

Bes: /* Compostable/Biodegradable */

2020-01-12T17:34:54Z

Compostable/Biodegradable

Bes: /* Compostable/Biodegradable */

2020-01-12T17:33:40Z

Compostable/Biodegradable

Bes: /* Compostable/Biodegradable */

2020-01-12T16:54:59Z

Compostable/Biodegradable

Bes: /* Compostable/Biodegradable */

2020-01-12T16:54:25Z

Compostable/Biodegradable

Bes: /* Introduction */

2020-01-12T16:42:44Z

Introduction

Bes: /* Introduction */

2020-01-12T16:37:08Z

Introduction

Bes at 16:25, 12 January 2020

2020-01-12T16:25:02Z

Bes at 16:08, 12 January 2020

2020-01-12T16:08:07Z

Bes at 15:18, 12 January 2020

2020-01-12T15:18:18Z

@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 ==Compostable/Biodegradable==
 ''Wikipedia''
-:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compost Compost] is material that results from the breaking down of organic matter. For example, when leaves (organic matter) are composted it results in a nutrient-rich (molecular-level) material that can be added to soil to increase its abilities to grow plants. When leaves are composted, it is important to maintain the environment (temperature, oxygen-level, moisture) in order to compost the material in a timely manner. A material labeled as "compostable" can be broken down to a molecular level by environmental conditions, but it does not say anything about how long it will take.
+:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compost Compost] is material that results from the breaking down of organic matter. For example, when leaves (organic matter) are composted it results in a nutrient-rich (molecular-level) material that can be added to soil to increase its abilities to grow plants. When leaves are composted, it is important to maintain the environment (temperature, oxygen-level, moisture) in order to compost the material in a timely manner; these environmental conditions are also related to the development of microorganisms involved in the breakdown process. A material labeled as "compostable" can be broken down to a molecular level by environmental conditions, but it does not say anything about how long it will take.
 ''Wikipedia''
 :[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradation Biodegradation] is the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi.
 ::Biodegradation can be divided into three stages:
-:::- biodeterioration: modification of the mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of the material.
+:::- biodeterioration: modification of the mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of the material. This step is also a result of environmental condition like, light, temperature, oxygen-level, and mechanical forces.
 :::- biofragmentation: when polymeric bonds are broken resulting in oligomers and monomers.
 :::- assimilation:  integration of monomers/oligomers into microbial cells (molecular recycling).
@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
 Here is a nice infographic on biodegradable plastics from the [https://www.compoundchem.com/ Compound Interest]:
 :[[File:The-chemistry-of-biodegradable-plastics.png|600px]]

@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 ==Compostable/Biodegradable==
 ''Wikipedia''
-:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compost Compost] is material that results from the breaking down of organic matter. For example, when leaves (organic matter) are composted it results in a nutrient-rich (molecular-level) material that can be added to soil to increase its abilities to grow plants. When leaves are composted, it is important to maintain the environment (temperature, oxygen-level, moisture) in order to compost the material in a timely manner. A material labeled as "compostable" can be broken down to a molecular level by environmental conditions, but it does not say anything about how long it will take. When discussing plastics, it is better to use the term biodegradation.
+:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compost Compost] is material that results from the breaking down of organic matter. For example, when leaves (organic matter) are composted it results in a nutrient-rich (molecular-level) material that can be added to soil to increase its abilities to grow plants. When leaves are composted, it is important to maintain the environment (temperature, oxygen-level, moisture) in order to compost the material in a timely manner. A material labeled as "compostable" can be broken down to a molecular level by environmental conditions, but it does not say anything about how long it will take.
 ''Wikipedia''

@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 ==Compostable/Biodegradable==
 ''Wikipedia''
-: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradation Biodegradation] is the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi.
+:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compost Compost] is material that results from the breaking down of organic matter. For example, when leaves (organic matter) are composted it results in a nutrient-rich (molecular-level) material that can be added to soil to increase its abilities to grow plants. When leaves are composted, it is important to maintain the environment (temperature, oxygen-level, moisture) in order to compost the material in a timely manner. A material labeled as "compostable" can be broken down to a molecular level by environmental conditions, but it does not say anything about how long it will take. When discussing plastics, it is better to use the term biodegradation.
 ::Biodegradation can be divided into three stages:
 :::- biodeterioration: modification of the mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of the material.

@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 : [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradation Biodegradation] is the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi.
 ::Biodegradation can be divided into three stages:
-:::biodeterioration: modification of the mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of the material.
+:::- biodeterioration: modification of the mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of the material.
-:::biofragmentation: when polymeric bonds are broken resulting in oligomers and monomers.
+:::- biofragmentation: when polymeric bonds are broken resulting in oligomers and monomers.
-:::assimilation:  integration of monomers/oligomers into microbial cells (molecular recycling).
+:::- assimilation:  integration of monomers/oligomers into microbial cells (molecular recycling).
 Here is a nice infographic on biodegradable plastics from the [https://www.compoundchem.com/ Compound Interest]:

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 ==Compostable/Biodegradable==
 Here is a nice infographic on biodegradable plastics from the [https://www.compoundchem.com/ Compound Interest]:
 :[[File:The-chemistry-of-biodegradable-plastics.png|600px]]
 [[File:Green_Chem_plastics.jpg|600px]]

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ggh0Ptk3VGE Plastics 101 | National Geographic]
-Discussed in the previous video are the two common plastics:
+:Discussed in the previous video are the two common plastics derived from petroleum:
-:1) High density polyethylene (HDPE)
+::1) High density polyethylene (HDPE)
-:2) Polypropylene (PP)
+::2) Polypropylene (PP)
-''Wikiepdia''
+''Wikipedia References''
 :[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic Plastics] <-- LOTS of info here for reference.
 :[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recycling_codes Recycling Codes]
+''National Geographic References'
 [https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/08/map-shows-the-complicated-landscape-of-plastic-bans/ Map Shows the Complicated Landscape of Plastic Bans]
 ''Chemical and Engineering New - American Chemical Society'' (Member Site)
@@ Line 22: / Line 20: @@
 :[https://cen.acs.org/environment/pollution/EU-moves-closer-banning-single/96/i43 EU moves closer to banning single-use plastic cutlery, plates, and straws (Oct 2018)]
 :[https://cen.acs.org/policy/legislation-/EU-leaders-strike-deal-ban/96/web/2018/12 EU leaders strike deal to ban disposable plastic straws, cutlery, and plates (Dec 2018)
 ==Compostable/Biodegradable==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-As a part of our Department's initiative to be more aware of "green chemistry" issues, this page on plastics is being developed.
+As a part of Monmouth College Chemistry Department's initiative to be more aware of "green chemistry" issues, this page on plastics is being developed. Plastics play an integral role in modern society, but due to their persistence in nature, as well as the petroleum-based starting materials needed, alternatives to plastics need to be developed. The goal of this site is to educate our community about plastics with the end goal of reducing and ultimately eliminating single use plastics. The most common single use plastics are grocery bags, food containers, and straws.
 ==Introduction==
@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 [https://www.plasticpollutioncoalition.org/ Plastics Pollution Coalition]