Lang Research 2016 - Revision history

Bes: /* Proposed Project Description */

2016-12-10T14:55:22Z

Proposed Project Description

Bes: /* 1. Descriptive information */

2016-12-10T14:55:00Z

1. Descriptive information

Sarahalang535: /* 2. Introduction */

2016-12-07T15:26:20Z

2. Introduction

Sarahalang535: /* 2. Introduction */

2016-12-07T15:16:57Z

2. Introduction

Sarahalang535 at 15:15, 7 December 2016

2016-12-07T15:15:45Z

Sarahalang535 at 01:26, 7 September 2016

2016-09-07T01:26:35Z

Sarahalang535: /* Proposed Project Description */

2016-09-05T21:02:02Z

Proposed Project Description

Sarahalang535: /* Proposed Project Description */

2016-09-05T21:00:00Z

Proposed Project Description

Sarahalang535: /* Proposed Project Description */

2016-09-05T20:57:52Z

Proposed Project Description

Sarahalang535: /* Proposed Project Description */

2016-09-05T20:55:08Z

Proposed Project Description

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:55, 10 December 2016
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−	==~~Proposed~~ Project Description==	+	==Project Description==

	The goal of this project is to understand the enzymatic oxidation of biophenols--specifically, of eugenol and methyleugenol. In order to collect data on these oxidations, we will use HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). My focus will also be on comparing new data that I have collected to previous data by [http://esr.monmsci.net/wiki/index.php/Pauzi_Research_Spring_2016 Matt (Amad Pauzi)], who initially worked on this project.		The goal of this project is to understand the enzymatic oxidation of biophenols--specifically, of eugenol and methyleugenol. In order to collect data on these oxidations, we will use HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). My focus will also be on comparing new data that I have collected to previous data by [http://esr.monmsci.net/wiki/index.php/Pauzi_Research_Spring_2016 Matt (Amad Pauzi)], who initially worked on this project.

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 '''Current Researcher:''' Sarah Lang
 '''Faculty Research Advisor:''' Brad Sturgeon
 '''Other Student Researchers/Collaborators:''' Ben Stillwell
 '''Lab Notebook:''' (Pages)(Title)(Dates)

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 	Methyleugenol (MEU) and Eugenol (EUG), both of which are compounds found in clove oil, have been the subject of conflicting safety reports (1). According to the National Extract Manufacturer’s Association, there is no significant carcinogenic risk associated with MEU and EUG. However, a report issued by the National Toxicology Program stated that MEU was “reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen,” after observing increased incidences of hepatic cancers in rats after dietary administration of MEU (2). Despite these conclusions, the mechanisms by which MEU and EUG result in carcinogenesis are still largely unknown.
 	In a study conducted by Herbert J. Sipe et al., MEU and EUG were found to undergo peroxidative metabolism to form free radicals (1). These free radicals, which are highly reactive and transient, have the potential to bind with DNA, form more stable products with each other, or contribute to other forms of cellular damage. Sipe et al. suggest that peroxidase metabolism and the resultant free radicals formed in MEU and EUG contribute to their observed carcinogenicity. However, many of the details of the metabolic processes that occur during the peroxidative metabolism of MEU and EUG still remain to be investigated. In particular, although the existence of free radicals were detected in MEU and EUG, it is unknown how these radicals behave after formation, and whether or not the products formed as a result of these free radicals also contribute to the carcinogenicity of MEU and EUG (1).
-	In order to mimic peroxidative activity in the liver, horseradish peroxidase may be utilized in order to form free radicals in MEU and EUG. After reactions with horseradish peroxidase, the products can be analyzed through High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in order to identify product separation as a result of peroxidative metabolism. Flash Chromatography is used in conjunction with HPLC in order to collect products associated with each peak, and these products can be further characterized using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR). By isolating the products formed after the metabolic oxidation of MEU and EUG and characterizing these products, it is possible to better understand how their free radicals react to form stable products and what the identities of these products are. Eventually, these products may be tested for carcinogenetic effects themselves, in order to contribute to the understanding of why MEU and EUG result in carcinogenesis.
+	In order to mimic peroxidative activity in the liver, horseradish peroxidase may be utilized in order to form free radicals in MEU and EUG. After reactions with horseradish peroxidase, the products can be analyzed through High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in order to identify product separation as a result of peroxidative metabolism. Flash Chromatography is used in conjunction with HPLC in order to collect products associated with each peak, and these products can be further characterized using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR). By isolating the products formed after the metabolic oxidation of MEU and EUG and characterizing these products, it is possible to better understand how their free radicals react to form stable products and what the identities of these products are. Eventually, these products may be tested for carcinogenetic effects themselves, in order to contribute to the understanding of why MEU and EUG result in carcinogenesis.
 ===3. Background from earlier reports===

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 ===2. Introduction===
-	Methyleugenol (MEU) and Eugenol (EUG), both of which are compounds found in clove oil, have been the subject of conflicting safety reports1. According to the National Extract Manufacturer’s Association, there is no significant carcinogenic risk associated with MEU and EUG. However, a report issued by the National Toxicology Program stated that MEU was “reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen,” after observing increased incidences of hepatic cancers in rats after dietary administration of MEU2. Despite these conclusions, the mechanisms by which MEU and EUG result in carcinogenesis are still largely unknown.
+	Methyleugenol (MEU) and Eugenol (EUG), both of which are compounds found in clove oil, have been the subject of conflicting safety reports (1). According to the National Extract Manufacturer’s Association, there is no significant carcinogenic risk associated with MEU and EUG. However, a report issued by the National Toxicology Program stated that MEU was “reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen,” after observing increased incidences of hepatic cancers in rats after dietary administration of MEU (2). Despite these conclusions, the mechanisms by which MEU and EUG result in carcinogenesis are still largely unknown.
-	In a study conducted by Herbert J. Sipe et al., MEU and EUG were found to undergo peroxidative metabolism to form free radicals1. These free radicals, which are highly reactive and transient, have the potential to bind with DNA, form more stable products with each other, or contribute to other forms of cellular damage. Sipe et al. suggest that peroxidase metabolism and the resultant free radicals formed in MEU and EUG contribute to their observed carcinogenicity. However, many of the details of the metabolic processes that occur during the peroxidative metabolism of MEU and EUG still remain to be investigated. In particular, although the existence of free radicals were detected in MEU and EUG, it is unknown how these radicals behave after formation, and whether or not the products formed as a result of these free radicals also contribute to the carcinogenicity of MEU and EUG1.
+	In a study conducted by Herbert J. Sipe et al., MEU and EUG were found to undergo peroxidative metabolism to form free radicals (1). These free radicals, which are highly reactive and transient, have the potential to bind with DNA, form more stable products with each other, or contribute to other forms of cellular damage. Sipe et al. suggest that peroxidase metabolism and the resultant free radicals formed in MEU and EUG contribute to their observed carcinogenicity. However, many of the details of the metabolic processes that occur during the peroxidative metabolism of MEU and EUG still remain to be investigated. In particular, although the existence of free radicals were detected in MEU and EUG, it is unknown how these radicals behave after formation, and whether or not the products formed as a result of these free radicals also contribute to the carcinogenicity of MEU and EUG (1).
 	In order to mimic peroxidative activity in the liver, horseradish peroxidase may be utilized in order to form free radicals in MEU and EUG. After reactions with horseradish peroxidase, the products can be analyzed through High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in order to identify product separation as a result of peroxidative metabolism. Flash Chromatography is used in conjunction with HPLC in order to collect products associated with each peak, and these products can be further characterized using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR). By isolating the products formed after the metabolic oxidation of MEU and EUG and characterizing these products, it is possible to better understand how their free radicals react to form stable products and what the identities of these products are. Eventually, these products may be tested for carcinogenetic effects themselves, in order to contribute to the understanding of why MEU and EUG result in carcinogenesis.
 ===3. Background from earlier reports===

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 The goal of this project is to understand the enzymatic oxidation of biophenols--specifically, of eugenol and methyleugenol. In order to collect data on these oxidations, we will use HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). My focus will also be on comparing new data that I have collected to previous data by [http://esr.monmsci.net/wiki/index.php/Pauzi_Research_Spring_2016 Matt (Amad Pauzi)], who initially worked on this project.
-==Abstract==
+===Identifying Products of the Peroxidative Metabolism of Eugenol and Methyleugenol===
-(To be included)
+===1. Descriptive information===

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:26, 7 September 2016
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	==Abstract==		==Abstract==
		+
		+	(To be included)

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 ==Proposed Project Description==
-The goal of this project is to understand the enzymatic oxidation of biophenols--specifically, eugenol and methyleugenol. In order to do so, we will use HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) in order to collect data. My focus will also be on comparing new data that I have collected to previous data by [http://esr.monmsci.net/wiki/index.php/Pauzi_Research_Spring_2016 Matt (Amad Pauzi)].
+The goal of this project is to understand the enzymatic oxidation of biophenols--specifically, of eugenol and methyleugenol. In order to collect data on these oxidations, we will use HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). My focus will also be on comparing new data that I have collected to previous data by [http://esr.monmsci.net/wiki/index.php/Pauzi_Research_Spring_2016 Matt (Amad Pauzi)], who initially worked on this project.
 ==Abstract==